[1]曾文娟,周伟,何诗恬,等.茶树品种白毫早叶绿体基因组结构特征及其密码子偏好性分析[J].江苏农业学报,2025,(07):1398-1411.[doi:doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4440.2025.07.016]
　ZENG Wenjuan,ZHOU Wei,HE Shitian,et al.Structural characteristics and codon usage bias analysis of the chloroplast genome in the tea cultivar Camellia sinensis cv. Baihaozao[J].,2025,(07):1398-1411.[doi:doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4440.2025.07.016]
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茶树品种白毫早叶绿体基因组结构特征及其密码子偏好性分析()
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江苏农业学报[ISSN:1006-6977/CN:61-1281/TN]

卷:
期数:
2025年07期
页码:
1398-1411
栏目:
园艺
出版日期:
2025-07-31

文章信息/Info

Title:
Structural characteristics and codon usage bias analysis of the chloroplast genome in the tea cultivar Camellia sinensis cv. Baihaozao
作者:
曾文娟1; 2; 3; 4; 周伟1; 2; 3; 4; 何诗恬1; 2; 3; 4; 贺宁1; 2; 3; 4; 龚意辉1; 2; 3; 4; 陈致印1; 2; 3; 4
(1.湖南人文科技学院农业与生物技术学院,湖南娄底417000；2.湖南人文科技学院湖南省园艺生产与加工类创新创业教育中心,湖南娄底417000；3.湖南人文科技学院湖南省创新创业示范基地,湖南娄底417000；4.湖南人文科技学院湖南省湘中特色农业资源开发利用与质量安全控制重点实验室,湖南娄底417000)
Author(s):
ZENG Wenjuan1; 2; 3; 4; ZHOU Wei1; 2; 3; 4; HE Shitian1; 2; 3; 4; HE Ning1; 2; 3; 4; GONG Yihui1; 2; 3; 4; CHEN Zhiyin1; 2; 3; 4
(1.College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China;2.Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education Center for Horticultural Production and Processing in Hunan Province, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China;3.Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Hunan Provincial Innovation and Entrepreneurship Demonstration Base, Loudi 417000;4.Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Resource Development and Quality Safety Control in Hunan Province, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China)
关键词:
茶树; 叶绿体基因组; 密码子偏好性; 最优密码子
Keywords:
Camellia sinensis; chloroplast genome; codon usage bias; optimal codons
分类号:
S571.1
DOI:
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4440.2025.07.016
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
本研究首次解析了茶树品种白毫早(Camellia sinensis cv. Baihaozao)的完整叶绿体基因组特征。采用Illumina高通量测序技术对白毫早的叶绿体基因组进行从头组装,并借助Geneious平台进行基因注释及微卫星标记检测。同时基于IRscope工具实现基因组结构的可视化分析。在密码子使用偏好性评估中,综合采用相对同义密码子使用度(RSCU)、有效密码子数(ENC)及中性绘图法系统解析密码子选择模式及其演化驱动力。结果表明,白毫早茶树叶绿体基因组是总长度为157 025 bp的典型四分体环状结构,含有大小为86 586 bp的大单拷贝区(LSC)、18 277 bp的小单拷贝区(SSC)及1对大小各为26 081 bp的反向重复序列(IR)区域；全基因组的G+C含量为37.30%,其中IR区域的G+C含量最高(42.95%),SSC区域的G+C含量最低(30.55%)。白毫早的叶绿体环状基因组共注释了133个功能基因,包括87个蛋白质编码基因、37个转运核糖核酸(tRNA)基因、8个核糖体核糖核酸(rRNA)基因及1个假基因,基因中内含子与外显子的分布呈现显著差异,如trnK-UUU的内含子最大,为2 488 bp,ycf2的外显子最长,为6 897 bp。此外,本研究检测到247个简单重复序列(SSR)位点,其中单核苷酸重复占比较高(占比为63.56%),且表现出明显的A/T偏好性(97.45%)；本研究鉴定出40个长重复序列,包含20个正向重复序列、20个回文重复序列。密码子偏好性分析结果显示,密码子第3位碱基中G+C的平均含量(GC3值)(27.59%)显著低于密码子第1位碱基中G+C的平均含量(GC1值)(46.85%)、密码子第2位碱基中G+C的平均含量(GC2)(39.50%)。ENC的均值为44.57,表明密码子的偏好性较弱。中性回归分析结果显示,校正决定系数(R2adj)=0.016 0,自然选择是起主导作用的进化动力(贡献率为91.47%)。90%最优密码子以A/T结尾,这一特征与通过奇偶规则2(PR2)分析得出的密码子第3位的G含量(G3)＞密码子第3位碱基中的C含量(C3)、密码子第3位的T含量(T3)＞密码子第3位的A含量(A3)的偏好性结果一致。基于31个保守蛋白质编码基因构建系统发育树,结果显示,白毫早茶树与福鼎白毫茶树形成高支持的分支[自举值(bootstrap)=100%],属于山茶属核心类群。本研究结果为茶树遗传资源评价及叶绿体基因组进化机制的研究提供了参考。
Abstract:
This study reports the first complete chloroplast genome of the tea cultivar Camellia sinensis cv. Baihaozao. Using Illumina high-throughput sequencing, we de novo assembled the chloroplast genome and performed gene annotation and microsatellite detection in Geneious. Additionally, genome structure visualization analysis was achieved with the IRscope tool. In the assessment of codon usage bias, we comprehensively employed the relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU), the effective number of codons (ENC), and neutrality plot analysis to systematically analyze codon selection patterns and their evolutionary driving forces. The results revealed that the chloroplast genome of Camellia sinensis cv. Baihaozao exhibited a typical quadripartite circular structure with a total length of 157 025 bp, comprising a large single-copy (LSC) region of 86 586 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18 277 bp, and a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions each 26 081 bp in length. The overall G+C content of the chloroplast genome was 37.30%, with the IR regions exhibiting the highest value (42.95%) and the SSC region showing the lowest (30.55%). The circular chloroplast genome was annotated with 133 functional genes, comprising 87 protein-coding genes, 37 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, eight ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and one pseudogene. Gene structure analysis revealed marked variation in intron and exon distribution. The largest intron (2 488 bp) was identified in trnK-UUU, while the longest exon (6 897 bp) was found in ycf2. Furthermore, 247 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci were detected, with mononucleotide repeats constituting the majority (63.56%) and showing a pronounced A/T bias (97.45%). We identified 40 long repeat sequences, comprising 20 forward repeats and 20 palindromic repeats. Codon usage bias analysis showed that the average G+C content at the third codon position (GC3, 27.59%) was significantly lower than that at the first (GC1, 46.85%) and second (GC2, 39.50%) positions. The mean value of ENC was 44.57, indicating that the codon bias was relatively weak. The results of the neutrality regression analysis showed that the adjusted coefficient of determination (R2adj) value was 0.016 0, indicating that natural selection was the dominant evolutionary force (with a contribution rate of 91.47%). Ninety percent of optimal codons ended with A/T, consistent with the bias pattern identified by parity rule 2 (PR2) analysis: G content at the third position (G3) > C content at the third position (C3), and T content at the third position (T3) > A content at the third position (A3). Phylogenetic analysis based on 31 conserved protein-coding genes demonstrated that Camellia sinensis cv. Baihaozao formed a highly supported clade (bootstrap value = 100%) with C. sinensis cv. Fuding Baihao, belonging to the core Camellia clade. This study provides references for evaluating tea genetic resources and investigating the evolutionary mechanisms of chloroplast genomes.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期：2025-04-28基金项目：湖南省自然科学基金项目(2023JJ50465)；湖南省科技创新计划项目(2024RC8289)；娄底市科技创新计划项目(2023RC3501)；国家级大学生创新训练项目(S202310553022)作者简介：曾文娟(2004-),女,湖南邵阳人,本科生,主要从事茶学研究。(E-mail)2103562420@qq.com。周伟为共同第一作者。通讯作者：陈致印,(E-mail)772612626@qq.com
更新日期/Last Update: 2025-08-19