[1]何晓菊,付为国.不同磷肥施用量对新疆冬小麦种植区土壤微生物群落结构和冬小麦产量的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2025,(12):2350-2358.[doi:doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4440.2025.11.008]
　HE Xiaoju,FU Weiguo.Effects of different phosphorus fertilizer application rates on soil microbial community structure and winter wheat yield in winter wheat growing areas of Xinjiang[J].,2025,(12):2350-2358.[doi:doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4440.2025.11.008]
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不同磷肥施用量对新疆冬小麦种植区土壤微生物群落结构和冬小麦产量的影响()

江苏农业学报[ISSN:1006-6977/CN:61-1281/TN]

卷:
期数:
2025年12期
页码:
2350-2358
栏目:
耕作栽培·资源环境
出版日期:
2025-12-31

文章信息/Info

Title:
Effects of different phosphorus fertilizer application rates on soil microbial community structure and winter wheat yield in winter wheat growing areas of Xinjiang
作者:
何晓菊; 付为国
(江苏大学农业工程学院,江苏镇江212013)
Author(s):
HE Xiaoju; FU Weiguo
(School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China)
关键词:
冬小麦; 磷肥; 土壤微生物群落; 土壤理化性质; 产量
Keywords:
winter wheat; phosphate fertilizer; soil microbial community; soil physicochemical properties; yield
分类号:
S143.2+2
DOI:
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4440.2025.11.008
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
针对新疆冬小麦种植区土壤以轻度盐碱化为主，磷肥过量施用引发的土壤盐碱化加剧和微生物群落失衡问题,本研究设置3个梯度磷肥施用量处理,分别为磷肥施用量185 kg/hm2处理(T1)、磷肥施用量157 kg/hm2处理(T2)和磷肥施用量130 kg/hm2处理(T3),系统分析了不同磷肥施用量对土壤生态环境和作物产量的影响。研究结果表明,T2、T3处理土壤有机质含量显著高于T1处理(P＜0.05),原因在于T2处理和T3处理土壤中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)细菌、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)细菌和担子菌门(Basidiomycota)真菌的相对丰度高于T1处理。这些微生物能通过分泌多种酶促进土壤有机质积累。T2处理土壤有效磷含量显著高于T3处理(P＜0.05),原因在于T2处理土壤中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)的埃希氏-志贺氏菌属(Escherichia-Shigella)细菌和担子菌门(Basidiomycota)的维系尼克氏酵母属(Vishniacozyma)真菌的相对丰度高于T3处理,这些微生物能够促进土壤磷循环,提高有效磷含量。T2处理土壤中硝态氮含量和铵态氮含量含量显著高于T3处理(P＜0.05),原因在于T3处理土壤中厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)细菌和放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)细菌的相对丰度低于T2处理,厚壁菌门细菌和放线菌门细菌在氨化过程中发挥重要作用。在pH＞7的碱性土壤环境中,铵态氮更容易以NH3形式挥发,而T2处理土壤pH值显著低于T3处理(P＜0.05),因此T2处理土壤中硝态氮含量显著高于T3处理(P＜0.05)。T2处理土壤真菌群落的Chao1指数、ACE指数均显著高于T1处理(P＜0.05)。T2处理小麦有效穗数、产量显著高于T1处理和T3处理(P＜0.05)。综上,在新疆小麦种植区的轻型盐碱土中,157 kg/hm2磷肥施用量能够显著优化土壤理化性质和微生物群落结构。本研究结果为新疆冬小麦产区的磷肥精准管理提供了理论与实践依据。
Abstract:
Aiming at the problems of soil salinization and microbial community imbalance caused by excessive application of phosphorus fertilizer in winter wheat growing areas in Xinjiang, this study set up three gradient phosphorus fertilizer application rate treatments, namely phosphorus fertilizer application rate of 185 kg/hm2(T1), phosphorus fertilizer application rate of 157 kg/hm2 (T2) and phosphorus fertilizer application rate of 130 kg/hm2 (T3). The effects of different phosphorus fertilizer application rates on soil ecological environment and crop yield were systematically analyzed. The results showed that the soil organic matter content in T2 and T3 treatments was significantly higher than that in T1 treatment (P＜0.05), which was because the relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota bacteria and Basidiomycota fungi in T2 and T3 treatments were higher than those in T1 treatment. These microorganisms can promote the accumulation of soil organic matter by secreting various enzymes. The soil available phosphorus content in T2 treatment was significantly higher than that in T3 treatment (P＜0.05), which was due to the fact that the relative abundances of Escherichia-Shigella (Proteobacteria) and Vishniacozyma (Basidiomycota) in T2 treatment were higher than those in T3 treatment. These microorganisms can promote soil phosphorus cycle and increase available phosphorus content. The contents of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in T2 treatment were significantly higher than those in T3 treatment (P＜0.05), because the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Actinobacteriota bacteria in T3 treatment were lower than those in T2 treatment, and Firmicutes and Actinobacteriota bacteria play an important role in ammonification. In alkaline soil environment with pH＞7, ammonium nitrogen is more likely to volatilize in the form of NH3. The soil pH value in T2 treatment was significantly lower than that in T3 treatment (P＜0.05). Consequently, the nitrate nitrogen content in T2 treatment was significantly higher than that in T3 treatment (P＜0.05). The Chao1 index and ACE index of soil fungal community in T2 treatment were significantly higher than those in T1 treatment (P＜0.05). The number of effective panicles and grain yield of wheat in T2 treatment were significantly higher than those in T1 and T3 treatments (P＜0.05). In conclusion, in the light saline-alkali soil of wheat growing areas in Xinjiang, the phosphorus fertilizer application rate of 157 kg/hm2 can significantly optimize soil physical and chemical properties and microbial community structure. The findings of this study provide a theoretical and practical basis for precise management of phosphorus fertilizer in winter wheat producing areas in Xinjiang.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期：2025-02-23基金项目：国家科技重大专项(2022ZD0115801)；“新一代人工智能”重大项目(2022ZD0115801)作者简介：何晓菊(2001-),女,山东菏泽人,硕士,研究方向为冬小麦的氮磷肥优化。(E-mail)xjhe20010810@163.com通讯作者：付为国,(E-mail)fuweiguo@ujs.edu.cn
更新日期/Last Update: 2026-01-20