[1]吕广德,殷复伟,王超,等.不同播种量对小麦泰科麦33干物质积累转运、旗叶光合特性及产量构成的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2021,(01):16-28.[doi:doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4440.2021.01.003]
　LYU Guang-de,YIN Fu-wei,WANG Chao,et al.Effects of sowing amounts on dry matter accumulation and distribution, photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves and yield composition of wheat TKM 33[J].,2021,(01):16-28.[doi:doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4440.2021.01.003]
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不同播种量对小麦泰科麦33干物质积累转运、旗叶光合特性及产量构成的影响()
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江苏农业学报[ISSN:1006-6977/CN:61-1281/TN]

卷:
期数:
2021年01期
页码:
16-28
栏目:
遗传育种·生理生化
出版日期:
2021-02-28

文章信息/Info

Title:
Effects of sowing amounts on dry matter accumulation and distribution, photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves and yield composition of wheat TKM 33
作者:
吕广德1; 殷复伟2; 王超1; 李宁3; 钱兆国1; 吴科1
（1.泰安市农业科学研究院，山东泰安271000；2.泰安市农业技术推广站，山东泰安271000；3.泰安市禾元种业科技有限公司，山东泰安271000）
Author(s):
LYU Guang-de1; YIN Fu-wei2; WANG Chao1; LI Ning3; QIAN Zhao-guo1; WU Ke1
（1.Tai’an Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Tai’an 271000，China；2.Tai’an Agricultural Technology Promotion Station，Tai’an 271000， China；3.Tai’an Heyuan Seed Technology Co., Ltd, Tai’an 271000，China）
关键词:
小麦; 泰科麦33; 播种量; 干物质; 光合; 产量
Keywords:
wheat; TKM33; sowing amounts; dry matter; photosynthetic; yield
分类号:
S512.1+10.42
DOI:
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4440.2021.01.003
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
于2016-2019年小麦生长季进行小麦品种泰科麦33的田间播种量试验，2016-2017年播种量为75 kg/hm2（SA1）、150 kg/hm2（SA2）、225 kg/hm2（SA3）、300 kg/hm2（SA4）、375 kg/hm2（SA5）5个水平，2017-2018和2018-2019两个小麦生长季调整播种量为75.0 kg/hm2（SA6）、112.5 kg/hm2（SA7）、150.0 kg/hm2（SA8）、187.5 kg/hm2（SA9）、225.0 kg/hm2（SA10）5个水平，同时在2018-2019年重复2016-2017年的试验。测定不同播种量条件下泰科麦33生育阶段的干物质累积量，并根据干物质累积量分析生物量积累特征以及开花前后干物质转运特性；通过测定开花后旗叶的蒸腾速率、气孔导度和净光合速率，分析不同播种量条件下泰科麦33的光合作用差异；对不同播种量条件下泰科麦33籽粒产量和产量结构的差异进行分析。结果表明，在所有播种量条件下，开花前干物质累积量高于开花后干物质累积量，但对籽粒贡献率却低于开花后；在SA1～SA5处理中，与SA1、SA3、SA4、SA5相比，SA2的干物质累积量显著提高，2016-2017年分别提高了5.9%、1.6%、8.6%、9.7%，2018-2019年分别提高了6.5%、1.5%、11.5%、13.6%；在SA6～SA10处理中，2017-2018年干物质累积量SA9处理最高，为14 779.17 kg/hm2，2018-2019年SA8处理最高为17 405.25 kg/hm2。不同播种量下泰科麦33干物质积累动态曲线均符合 Logistic 模型，在SA1～SA5处理中，两年干物质最大积累速率（Vm）均出现在SA2处理，与各处理平均值相比，干物质最大累积量分别提高了4.1%和6.7%, 快速累积持续时间虽然分别缩短了7.6 d和6.1 d，但最大累积速率分别提升了14.9%和15.6%；SA6～SA10处理中，2017-2018年SA9处理的干物质最大积累速率最高，与各处理平均值相比，干物质最大累积量提高了7.4%, 快速累积持续时间延长了0.8 d，最大累积速率提升了0.6%；2018-2019年，干物质最大累积量出现在SA8处理，与各处理平均值相比，干物质最大累积量提高了5.2%, 快速累积持续时间虽然缩短了1.8 d，但最大累积速率提升了7.9%。在所有播种量条件下，泰科麦33旗叶净光合速率和气孔导度均在开花后7 d达到最高，蒸腾速率在开花后14 d最高；SA1～SA5处理中，两年SA1处理的蒸腾速率比其他处理的平均值分别高9.1%和9.2%，气孔导度分别高15.0%和14.0%，净光合速率分别高15.1%和12.3%；SA6～SA10处理中，SA6处理在花后的蒸腾速率高于其他处理的平均值9.2%，气孔导度高17.3%，净光合速率高11.8%。但在SA1～SA3处理间旗叶光合参数差异不显著，SA6～SA10处理中SA6～SA8处理间差异也不显著。在SA1～SA5处理中，各处理籽粒产量的大小顺序为SA2>SA3>SA1>SA4>SA5，SA2两年产量分别为9 545.05 kg/hm2和9 439.50 kg/hm2。在SA6～SA10处理中，2017-2018年各播种量处理产量的大小顺序为SA9>SA8>SA10>SA7>SA6，SA9的产量为8 342.55 kg/hm2，2018-2019年各处理的产量顺序为SA8>SA9>SA7>SA10>SA6，SA8的产量为9 287.95 kg/hm2。通过拟合泰科麦33播种量与产量之间的方程曲线发现，在 SA1～SA5处理下产量达到理论最大值时最佳播种量两年分别为179.16 kg/hm2和 159.70 kg/hm2；在SA6～SA10处理下2017-2018年播种量为188.96 kg/hm2时产量最大，而2018-2019年播种量为153.70 kg/hm2时产量最大。以上分析结果说明，优质小麦新品种泰科麦33在播种量153.70～188.96 kg/hm2条件下产量、干物质累积量和光合速率最高。
Abstract:
Sowing amount test of wheat variety TKM33 was carried out in wheat growing season during 2016-2019. The sowing amount in 2016-2017 was set in five levels containing 75 kg/hm2 (SA1), 150 kg/hm2 (SA2), 225 kg/hm2 (SA3), 300 kg/hm2 (SA4) and 375 kg/hm2 (SA5). In two wheat growing seasons of 2017-2018 and 2018-2019, the sowing amounts were adjusted to five levels containing 75.0 kg/hm2 (SA6), 112.5 kg/hm2 (SA7), 150.0 kg/hm2 (SA8), 187.5 kg/hm2 (SA9) and 225.0 kg/hm2 (SA10). The sowing amount test in 2018-2019 was conducted based on repeating the test in 2016-2017. Dry matter accumulation of TKM33 was measured at growth stage under conditions of different sowing amounts. Biomass accumulation characteristics and transport characteristics of dry matter before and after flowering were analyzed based on the dry matter accumulation. Differences of photosynthesis of TKM33 under different sowing amounts conditions were analyzed by determining the transpiration rate, stomatal conductivity and net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves after flowering. The differences of grain yield and yield structure of TKM33 under different sowing amounts conditions were analyzed. The results showed that under conditions of all sowing amounts, the dry matter accumulation before flowering was higher than that after flowering, but the contribution rate to grain before flowering was lower than that after flowering. In SA1-SA5 treatments, the dry matter accumulation of SA2 increased significantly compared with that of SA1, SA3, SA4 and SA5, which increased 5.9%, 1.6%, 8.6% and 9.7% respectively in 2016-2017 and increased 6.5%, 1.5%, 11.5% and 13.6% respectively in 2018-2019. In SA6-SA10 treatments, the dry matter accumulation in 2017-2018 was the highest under SA9 treatment, which was 14 779.17 kg/hm2, but the highest value in 2018-2019 was under SA8 trearment, which was 17 405.25 kg/hm2. The dynamic curve of dry matter accumulation under different sowing amounts all conformed to the Logistic model. In SA1-SA5 treatments, the largest dry matter accumulation rate (Vm) of two years all appeared in SA2 treatment, the largest dry matter accumulation increased by 4.1% and 6.7% compared with the average value of all treatments, although rapid accumulation duration shortened by 7.6 days and 6.1 days respectively, but the largest accumulation rate increased by 14.9% and 15.6% respectively. The max accumulation rate of dry matter was the highest in SA9 treatment among SA6-SA10 treatments in 2017-2018. Compared with the average value of all treatments, the max accumulation of dry matter in SA9 treatment increased by 7.4%, the duration of rapid accumulation increased by 0.8 day, and the max accumulation rate increased by 0.6%. In 2018-2019, the max accumulation of dry matter appeared in SA8 treatment. Compared with the average value of each treatment, the max accumulation of dry matter increased by 5.2%, the rapid accumulation duration decreased by 1.8 days, although the max accumulation rate increased by 7.9%. Under all sowing amounts conditions, the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of flag leaves of TKM33 all reached the highest values seven days after flowering, and the transpiration rate reached the highest value 14 days after flowering. In SA1-SA5 treatments, the transpiration rate of SA1 treatment during the two years was 9.1% and 9.2% higher than the average value of other treatments, the stomatal conductance was 15.0% and 14.0% higher, and the net photosynthetic rate was 15.1% and 12.3% higher respectively. In SA6-SA10 treatments, the transpiration rate of SA6 treatment after flowering was 9.2% higher than the average value of other treatments, the stomatal conductance increased by 17.3% and the net photosynthetic rate increased by 11.8%. However, there was no significant difference in photosynthetic parameters of flag leaves between SA1-SA3 treatments and between SA6-SA8 treatments within SA6-SA10 treatments. In SA1-SA5 treatments, the grain yield showed the trend of SA2>SA3>SA1>SA4>SA5, and the yield of SA2 treatment in two years was 9 545.05 kg/hm2 and 9 439.50 kg/hm2 respectively. In SA6-SA10 treatments, the yields of all sowing amouts treatments showed the trend of SA9>SA8>SA10>SA7>SA6 in 2017-2018, and the yield of SA9 was 8 342.55 kg/hm2. In 2018-2019, the yields of all treatments showed the trend of SA8>SA9>SA7>SA10>SA6, and the yield of SA8 was 9 287.95 kg/hm2. By fitting the equation curve between sowing amount and yield of TKM33, it was found that the theoretical optimal sowing amount in two years was 179.16 kg/hm2 and 159.70 kg/hm2 respectively when the theoretical max yield was reached under SA1-SA5 treatments. Under the treatments of SA6-SA10, the max yield appeared when the sowing amount was 188.96 kg/hm2 in 2017-2018, and in 2018-2019 the max yield was got when the sowing amount was 153.70 kg/hm2. The above analysis result indicated that, the high-quality new wheat variety TKM33 showed the best yield, dry matter accumulation and photosynthetic rate under the sowing amount of 153.70-188.96 kg/hm2.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期：2020-07-05 基金项目：泰安市科技计划引导计划项目（2019NS094）；山东省重点研发计划项目（2016GNC113004）；国家小麦现代农业产业技术体系项目（CARS-3-2-21） 作者简介：吕广德（1987-），山东滨州人，硕士，农艺师，主要从事小麦遗传育种与高产栽培技术研究。（E-mail）2007guangd@163.com 通讯作者：吴科,(E-mail)sdtawuke1964@126.com;钱兆国,(E-mail)qianzhaoguo@163.com
更新日期/Last Update: 2021-03-15