[1]周乾顺,吴启侠,朱建强,等.氮肥不同基追比对直播稻氮素吸收、转运及利用的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2022,38(04):915-923.[doi:doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4440.2022.04.007]
　ZHOU Qian-shun,WU Qi-xia,ZHU Jian-qiang,et al.Effects of different basal-topdressing ratios of nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen absorption, transportation and utilization of direct-seeding rice[J].,2022,38(04):915-923.[doi:doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4440.2022.04.007]
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氮肥不同基追比对直播稻氮素吸收、转运及利用的影响()
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江苏农业学报[ISSN:1006-6977/CN:61-1281/TN]

卷:
38
期数:
2022年04期
页码:
915-923
栏目:
耕作栽培·资源环境
出版日期:
2022-08-31

文章信息/Info

Title:
Effects of different basal-topdressing ratios of nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen absorption, transportation and utilization of direct-seeding rice
作者:
周乾顺; 吴启侠; 朱建强; 乔月; 彭瑞雪; 范楚江
（长江大学农学院/湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心，湖北荆州434025）
Author(s):
ZHOU Qian-shun; WU Qi-xia; ZHU Jian-qiang; QIAO Yue; PENG Rui-xue; FAN Chu-jiang
(College of Agriculture, Yangtze University/Engineering Research Center for Wetland Ecology and Agricultural Utilization, Ministry of Education, Jingzhou 434025, China)
关键词:
直播稻; 氮肥基追比; 产量; 氮肥利用率
Keywords:
direct-seeding rice; basal-topdressing ratio of nitrogen fertilizer; yield; nitrogen use efficiency
分类号:
S511.062
DOI:
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4440.2022.04.007
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
为研究不同氮肥基追比对直播稻产量、氮素利用率的影响，以深两优332为供试材料，采用田间小区试验，设置8个不同氮肥基追比处理,基肥∶分蘖肥∶穗肥比例分别为0∶8∶2（T1）、0∶6∶4（T2）、2∶6∶2（T3）、2∶4∶4（T4）、4∶6∶0（T5）、4∶4∶2（T6）、4∶2∶4（T7）、6∶4∶0（农民习惯施肥，T8），以不施氮肥（T0）为对照（CK），以期筛选出最适合直播稻的氮肥施用方法。结果表明：分蘖盛期、拔节期以T5处理的干物质积累量最高，明显高于T8处理，分别比T8处理高11.03%、4.04%，且拔节期T5处理干物质积累量显著高于T1、T2处理，分别比T1、T2处理高9.19%、11.96%；孕穗期以T6处理的干物质积累量最高，比T5处理高6.12%；成熟期以T5处理的干物质积累量最高，比T8处理高12.68%。与T8处理相比，氮肥基施40%可以增加直播稻在分蘖盛期、拔节期的干物质积累量，同时与T8处理相比，氮肥适量后移作穗肥施用（T6处理）可增加直播稻孕穗期干物质积累量。在产量上，T5、T6、T7处理之间不存在显著差异，但T5处理与其他5个处理及CK之间均存在显著差异，且T5处理的产量比T8处理高7.68%，比T1、T2处理高27%～30%。由此可以看出，氮肥适量基追配施以及氮肥适当后移可以显著提高直播稻的产量。在氮肥吸收利用方面，T5处理和T6处理的氮肥吸收利用利率和农学利用率不存在显著差异，但T5处理与其他处理间均存在显著差异，且T5处理的氮肥吸收利用率和农学利用率分别比T8处理高7.61%、15.04%，分别比T1处理高21.79%、73.68%，分别比T3处理高14.02%、23.47%，氮肥适当后移可以提高直播稻氮肥利用率。通过比较直播稻氮肥不同基追肥配施下干物质量、产量以及氮肥利用率可以得出，基肥∶分蘖肥∶穗肥为4∶6∶0和4∶4∶2为直播稻的较佳施肥方法。
Abstract:
Shenliangyou 332 was used as experimental material to study the effects of different ratios of nitrogen used as basal fertilizer to that used as topdressing on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of direct-seeding rice. Field plot experiment was used and eight different treatments (based on ratios of nitrogen used as basal fertilizer to that used as topdressing) were set. Ratios of basal fertilizer∶tillering fertilizer∶booting fertilizer were 0∶8∶2 (T1 treatment), 0∶6∶4 (T2 treatment), 2∶6∶2 (T3 treatment), 2∶4∶4 (T4 treatment), 4∶6∶0 (T5 treatment), 4∶4∶2 (T6 treatment), 4∶2∶4 (T7 treatment), 6∶4∶0 (fertilizer usually used by farmers, T8 treatment), no nitrogen fertilizer application (T0) was taken as the control (CK) to screen out the most suitable nitrogen fertilizer application method for direct-seeding rice. The results showed that, dry matter accumulation was the highest under T5 treatment at tillering stage and jointing stage, which was 11.03% and 4.04% higher than T8 treatment respectively, and the differences were obvious. Dry matter accumulation of T5 treatment at jointing stage was 9.19% and 11.96% higher than T1 treatment and T2 treatment respectively, and the differences were significant. At booting stage, T6 treatment had the highest dry matter accumulation, which was 6.12% higher than T5 treatment. The dry matter accumulation of T5 treatment was the highest, which was 12.68% higher than that of T8 treatment. Dry matter accumulation at tillering stage and jointing stage of direct-seeding rice could be increased under the treatment of 40% nitrogen fertilizer used as basal fertilizer compared with that of T8 treatment, and the dry matter accumulation at booting stage of direct-seeding rice could be increased under the treatment of applying appropriate nitrogen fertilizer later as booting fertilizer (T6 treatment) compared with that of T8 treatment. There was no significant difference between treatments of T5, T6 and T7 on the aspect of yield, but there was significant difference between T5 treatment and other five treatments and CK. The yield of T5 treatment was 7.68% higher than that of T8 treatment, and was 27%-30% higher than those of T1, T2 treatments. It can be seen that, the yield of direct-seeding rice could be significantly improved under the treatments of applying proper amount of nitrogen as basal fertilizer and topdressing, as well as appropriate Delayed applying of nitrogen fertilizer. In terms of nitrogen uptake and utilization, there were no significant differences of nitrogen uptake and utilization rates as well as agronomic utilization rates between T5 treatment and T6 treatment, but there were significant differences between T5 treatment and other treatments. Nitrogen uptake and utilization rate and agronomic utilization rate of T5 treatment were 7.61% and 15.04% higher than those of T8 treatment respectively, were 21.79% and 73.68% higher than those of T1 treatment respectively, and were 14.02% and 23.47% higher than those of T3 treatment respectively. Appropriate Delaying of nitrogen fertilizer could improve nitrogen use efficiency of direct-seeding rice. By comparing the dry matter amount, yield and nitrogen use efficiency under treatments of different combinations of nitrogen fertilizer as basal fertilizer to topdressing of direct-seeding rice, it can be concluded that ratios of basal fertilizer∶tillering fertilizer∶booting fertilizer as 4∶6∶0 and 4∶4∶2 are good fertilizing method for direct-seeding rice.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期：2021-09-20基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（U21A2039）；国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0800500）作者简介：周乾顺（1998-），男，湖北恩施人，硕士研究生，主要从事稻田面源污染防控研究。(E-mail)zhouqianshun2021@163.com通讯作者：吴启侠，(E-mail)qixiawu@yangtzeu.edu.cn
更新日期/Last Update: 2022-09-06