[1]马林杰,张诚信,覃宝利,等.秸秆及生物炭还田对稻虾共作模式水稻产量、氮肥利用率及土壤肥力的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2024,(09):1623-1632.[doi:doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4440.2024.09.006]
　MA Linjie,ZHANG Chengxin,QIN Baoli,et al.Effects of straw and biochar returning on rice yield, nitrogen use efficiency and soil fertility in a rice-crayfish integrated system[J].,2024,(09):1623-1632.[doi:doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4440.2024.09.006]
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秸秆及生物炭还田对稻虾共作模式水稻产量、氮肥利用率及土壤肥力的影响()
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江苏农业学报[ISSN:1006-6977/CN:61-1281/TN]

卷:
期数:
2024年09期
页码:
1623-1632
栏目:
耕作栽培·资源环境
出版日期:
2024-09-30

文章信息/Info

Title:
Effects of straw and biochar returning on rice yield, nitrogen use efficiency and soil fertility in a rice-crayfish integrated system
作者:
马林杰1; 张诚信1; 覃宝利1; 杨军1; 杨婷1; 徐荣1; 王守红1; 张家宏1; 寇祥明1; 陈选青2; 王展3; 张旭晖4
(1.江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所,江苏扬州225007；2.扬州银谷农业生态发展有限公司,江苏扬州225119；3.扬州市气象局,江苏扬州225000；4.江苏省气候中心,江苏南京210009)
Author(s):
MA Linjie1; ZHANG Chengxin1; QIN Baoli1; YANG Jun1; YANG Ting1; XU Rong1;  WANG Shouhong1; ZHANG Jiahong1; KOU Xiangming1; CHEN Xuanqing2; WANG Zhan3; ZHANG Xuhui4
(1.Jiangsu Lixiahe District Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou 225007, China;2.Yangzhou Yingu Agricultural Ecological Development Co., Ltd., Yangzhou 225119, China;3.Yangzhou Meteorological Bureau, Yangzhou 225000, China;4.Jiangsu Provincial Climate Center, Nanjing 210009, China)
关键词:
稻虾共作; 生物炭; 水稻; 产量; 氮肥利用率; 土壤肥力
Keywords:
rice-crayfish integrated system; biochar; rice; yield; nitrogen use efficiency; soil fertility
分类号:
S314；S365
DOI:
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4440.2024.09.006
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
为了明确稻虾共作模式下促进水稻增产、氮肥利用率提高和土壤肥力提升的适宜的秸秆还田方式,本研究设置了5个处理[无秸秆还田和无氮肥施用(CK)、无秸秆还田(NS)、秸秆还田(S)、低量生物炭还田(LB)和高量生物炭还田(HB)],对比研究秸秆还田及生物炭还田处理在水稻产量、水稻生长、氮肥利用率和土壤肥力指标上的差异。结果表明,与NS处理相比,仅LB处理和HB处理显著增加了水稻不同生育时期的茎蘖数、叶片SPAD值、叶面积指数、成穗率、地上部生物量、氮吸收量和产量,但LB处理和HB处理之间差异不显著。与NS处理和S处理相比,水稻氮肥利用率指标在LB处理和HB处理下均显著提高,但LB处理和HB处理在氮肥偏生产力、氮肥籽粒生产效率、氮肥干物质生产效率上无显著差异。整体上看，LB处理和HB处理较NS处理显著提高氧化还原电位、pH、阳离子交换量、有机碳含量和氮磷钾有效性,但两者在土壤氧化还原电位和pH上差异不显著。综合各处理在水稻产量、氮肥利用率和土壤肥力上的表现,本研究认为,稻虾共作模式下低量生物炭还田（7.5 t/hm2）是促进水稻高产、氮肥利用率提高和土壤肥力提升的适宜的秸秆还田方式。
Abstract:
In order to clarify the optimum straw returning mode for improving rice yield, nitrogen use efficiency and soil fertility under the rice-crayfish integrated system, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the differences in the indicators of rice growth and yield, rice nitrogen use efficiency as well as soil fertility between straw returning treatment and biochar returning treatment. There were five treatments, including no straw returning and no nitrogen fertilizer application (CK), no straw returning (NS), straw returning (S), biochar returning at low rate (LB) and biochar returning at high rate (HB). The results showed that the tiller number, leaf SPAD value and leaf area index at different rice growth stages as well as the percentage of productive tillers, aboveground biomass, nitrogen uptake and grain yield were only significantly increased under LB and HB treatments compared with NS treatment. But there were no significant differences in these indicators between LB and HB treatments. Indicators of rice nitrogen use efficiency were significantly increased under LB and HB treatments compared with NS and S treatments, but there were no significant differences in nitrogen partial factor productivity, nitrogen use efficiency for grain production and nitrogen use efficiency for dry matter production between LB and HB treatments. On the whole, LB and HB treatments resulted in the marked increases in soil redox potential, pH, cation exchange capacity, organic carbon content and availabilities of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compared with NS treatment. But there were no significant differences in soil redox potential and pH between LB and HB treatments. Therefore, by integrating the performances of various treatments on rice yield, nitrogen use efficiency and soil fertility, the optimum straw returning mode under the rice-crayfish integrated system is applying biochar at low rate (7.5 t/hm2), which can improve rice yield, nitrogen use efficiency and soil fertility.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期：2024-06-12基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目(32101303)；江苏现代农业产业技术体系专项[JATS(2023)253]；扬州市重点研发计划项目(YZ2023046)；扬州市生态农业重点实验室项目(YZ2023244)作者简介：马林杰(1993-),男,安徽阜阳人,博士,助理研究员,主要从事生态农业研究。(E-mail)20212411@jaas.ac.cn通讯作者：寇祥明,(E-mail)kouxiangming@163.com
更新日期/Last Update: 2024-11-17