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植物响应缺钾胁迫的生理与分子机制研究进展()

江苏农业学报[ISSN:1006-6977/CN:61-1281/TN]

卷:
期数:: 2025年11期

页码:: 2257-2266

栏目:: 综述

出版日期:: 2025-11-30

文章信息/Info

Title:: Research progress on physiological and molecular mechanisms of plant responses to potassium deficiency

作者:: 王泽行¹; 2; 裴茂松¹; 2; 刘海楠¹; 2; 韦同路¹; 2; 郭大龙¹; 2; (1.河南科技大学园艺与植物保护学院,河南洛阳471003；2.河南省园艺植物品质调控工程技术研究中心,河南洛阳471003)

Author(s):: WANG Zehang¹; 2; PEI Maosong¹; 2; LIU Hainan¹; 2; WEI Tonglu¹; 2; GUO Dalong¹; 2; (1. College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China；2.Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Quality Regulation and Controlling of Horticultural Plants, Luoyang 471003, China)

关键词:: 缺钾胁迫; 钾营养; 生理响应; 分子机制; 转录调控

Keywords:: potassium deficiency stress; potassium nutrition; physiological response; molecular mechanism; transcriptional regulation

分类号:: Q945.78

DOI:: doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4440.2025.11.018

文献标志码:: A

摘要:: 钾(K)作为植物生长发育所必需的大量营养元素,是多种酶的关键组分,广泛参与植物的生理代谢与生化反应过程。然而,在农业生产中,土壤有效钾含量常难以满足作物需求,加上土壤环境退化及人为活动的影响,植物缺钾现象普遍存在。在长期进化过程中,植物逐步形成了多种应对低钾胁迫的调控机制。本文系统综述了植物响应缺钾胁迫的生理与分子机制,重点探讨了缺钾对植物光合作用、水分吸收、酶活性及激素平衡等生理过程的影响,并阐述了K+转运系统、信号转导途径、转录调控网络及相关基因表达在植物缺钾胁迫响应中的作用。最后,对未来植物缺钾胁迫研究的方向进行了展望,以期为作物耐低钾及钾高效利用的分子育种研究提供理论依据。

Abstract:: Potassium (K), as an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development, is a key component of various enzymes and is widely involved in physiological metabolism and biochemical reactions in plants. However, in agricultural production, the content of available potassium in soil is often insufficient to meet the needs of crops. Additionally, due to the degradation of soil environment and the impact of human activities, potassium deficiency in plants is a common phenomenon. During long-term evolution, plants have gradually developed a variety of regulatory mechanisms to cope with low-potassium stress. This article systematically reviewed the physiological and molecular mechanisms of plant responses to low-potassium stress, focused on the effects of potassium deficiency on plant physiological processes such as photosynthesis, water absorption, enzyme activity, and hormone balance. It also elaborated on the roles of K+ transport systems, signal transduction pathways, transcriptional regulatory networks, and related gene expression in plant responses to low-potassium stress. Finally, the future research directions of plant low-potassium stress were prospected, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for molecular breeding of crops with low-potassium tolerance and efficient potassium utilization.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:: 收稿日期:2024-12-31基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(32202409)作者简介:王泽行(1998-)，男，河南许昌人，硕士研究生，主要从事葡萄缺钾胁迫生理和分子机制研究。(E-mail)wangzehang0917@163.com通讯作者:韦同路，(E-mail)weitonglu@haust.edu.cn；郭大龙，(E-mail)guodalong@haust.edu.cn

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