[1]李晶,李松龄,王亚艺,等.高寒地区有机肥替代氮肥对春小麦产量形成及土壤微生物群落的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2025,(09):1761-1770.[doi:doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4440.2025.09.011]
　LI Jing,LI Songling,WANG Yayi,et al.Effects of organic fertilizer substitution for nitrogen fertilizer on spring wheat yield formation and soil microbial communities in alpine regions[J].,2025,(09):1761-1770.[doi:doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4440.2025.09.011]
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高寒地区有机肥替代氮肥对春小麦产量形成及土壤微生物群落的影响()

江苏农业学报[ISSN:1006-6977/CN:61-1281/TN]

卷:
期数:
2025年09期
页码:
1761-1770
栏目:
耕作栽培·资源环境
出版日期:
2025-09-30

文章信息/Info

Title:
Effects of organic fertilizer substitution for nitrogen fertilizer on spring wheat yield formation and soil microbial communities in alpine regions
作者:
李晶; 李松龄; 王亚艺; 周晏竹; 张荣
(青海大学农林科学院,青海西宁810016)
Author(s):
LI Jing; LI Songling; WANG Yayi; ZHOU Yanzhu; ZHANG Rong
(Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China)
关键词:
高寒地区; 有机肥; 氮肥; 春小麦; 产量; 微生物
Keywords:
alpine region; organic fertilizer; nitrogen fertilizer; spring wheat; yield; microorganisms
分类号:
S512.1+2
DOI:
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4440.2025.09.011
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
本研究通过分析高寒地区不同比例有机肥替代氮肥对春小麦产量形成与土壤微生物群落多样性的影响,分析各产量形成与土壤微生物群落之间的相关性,以期完善高寒地区有机肥替代氮肥对春小麦产量形成及土壤微生物影响的相关理论。本研究设计随机区组试验,共设不施化肥和有机肥的对照(CK)与施肥处理,6个施肥处理包括常规施肥(F1)、有机肥替代15%氮肥(F2)、有机肥替代30%氮肥(F3)、有机肥替代45%氮肥(F4)、有机肥替代60%氮肥(F5)、有机肥替代30%氮肥+30%有机肥(F6)。结果表明,与CK相比,不同比例有机肥替代氮肥的处理能够提高植株中的氮积累量、磷积累量、钾积累量、干物质积累量与产量。在有机肥替代氮肥的各处理中,有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、产量、氮肥偏生产力均以有机肥替代15%氮肥的处理(F2处理)最高。在有机肥替代15%氮肥处理(F2处理)下,成熟期春小麦植株的氮素积累量、磷素积累量、钾素积累量、干物质积累量较其他各处理显著提高。有机肥替代15%氮肥处理(F2处理)的产量、氮肥偏生产力较其他各处理显著提高。当有机肥替代氮肥的比例为15%～60%时,土壤细菌群落扩增子序列变体(ASV)数量能够维持稳定,CK、F4处理、F5处理的优势菌门的相对丰度分别为73.49%、71.44%、72.63%,优势菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Bacteroidota)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota)。由Alpha多样性指数(Ace指数、Chao1指数、Shannon指数和Simpson指数)可以得出,单独施用化肥会改变土壤微生物群落的丰富度(Ace指数和Chao1指数)和均匀度(Shannon指数和Simpson指数),而有机肥替代部分氮肥的处理能有效缓解这种影响。综合春小麦产量性状及土壤微生物群落丰富度(Ace指数和Chao1指数)和均匀度(Shannon指数和Simpson指数)得出,有机肥替代15%氮肥的处理效果最佳,该处理既能够提高春小麦产量,又能够维持土壤微生物群落的稳定。
Abstract:
To refine the theoretical foundation regarding the effects of substituting nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer on spring wheat yield formation and soil microbial communities in alpine regions, this study analyzed the impact of different substitution ratios on spring wheat yield formation and soil microbial community diversity, and examined the correlations between various yield formation factors and the soil microbial community. This study employed a randomized block design with a total of seven treatments: a control with no chemical or organic fertilizer application (CK), conventional fertilization (F1), 15% substitution of nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer (F2), 30% substitution of nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer (F3), 45% substitution of nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer (F4), 60% substitution of nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer (F5), and 30% substitution of nitrogen fertilizer plus an additional 30% organic fertilizer (F6). The results showed that, compared with CK, the application of different substitution ratios of organic fertilizer for nitrogen fertilizer increased nitrogen accumulation, phosphorus accumulation, potassium accumulation, dry matter accumulation, and yield. Among all organic fertilizer substitution treatments, the F2 treatment achieved the maximum values for effective panicle number, grains per panicle, 1 000-grain weight, yield, and nitrogen partial factor productivity. At maturity, the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium accumulation, as well as dry matter accumulation in spring wheat plants under the F2 treatment, were significantly higher than those in all other treatments. The yield and partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer in the F2 treatment were significantly higher than those in all other treatments. When the substitution ratio of organic fertilizer for nitrogen fertilizer ranged from 15% to 60%, the number of bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) in the soil remained stable. The relative abundances of the dominant bacterial phyla were 73.49% in the CK, 71.44% in the F4 treatment, and 72.63% in the F5 treatment. The dominant phyla were identified as Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Gemmatimonadota. Analysis of α diversity indices (Ace, Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson) revealed that the application of chemical fertilizer alone altered the richness (Ace and Chao1 indices) and evenness (Shannon and Simpson indices) of the soil microbial community. Conversely, treatments involving partial substitution of nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer effectively mitigated these impacts. Based on a comprehensive analysis of spring wheat yield traits and soil microbial community characteristics (including richness via Ace and Chao1 indices, and evenness via Shannon and Simpson indices), the treatment with 15% organic fertilizer substitution proved to be optimal. This treatment successfully achieved the dual objectives of enhancing spring wheat yield while maintaining the stability of the soil microbial community.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期：2025-05-22基金项目：青海半干旱区中低产田种养结合时空匹配格局及地力提升技术研究与示范项目(2023YFD1900403-05)作者简介：李晶(1998-),女,黑龙江大庆人,硕士研究生,主要从事土壤肥料和植物营养方面的研究。(E-mail)1176249327@qq.com通讯作者：张荣,(E-mail)zhro2004038@sohu.com
更新日期/Last Update: 2025-10-27