[1]张苗,陈伟,徐丽萍,等.基质栽培与土壤栽培对奶白菜生长及栽培介质中微生物区系的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2020,(05):1265-1273.[doi:doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4440.2020.05.025]
　ZHANG Miao,CHEN Wei,XU Li-ping,et al.Influence of substrate cultivation and soil cultivation on the growth of milk Chinese cabbage and microbial community structures in different cultivation media[J].,2020,(05):1265-1273.[doi:doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4440.2020.05.025]
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基质栽培与土壤栽培对奶白菜生长及栽培介质中微生物区系的影响()
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江苏农业学报[ISSN:1006-6977/CN:61-1281/TN]

卷:
期数:
2020年05期
页码:
1265-1273
栏目:
园艺
出版日期:
2020-10-31

文章信息/Info

Title:
Influence of substrate cultivation and soil cultivation on the growth of milk Chinese cabbage and microbial community structures in different cultivation media
作者:
张苗1; 2; 陈伟1; 2; 徐丽萍3; 刘新红1; 2; 郭德杰1; 2; 马艳1; 2; 严少华1; 2; 罗佳1; 2
（1.江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所，江苏南京210014；2.农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室，江苏南京210014；3.南京市六合区耕地质量保护站，江苏南京211500）
Author(s):
ZHANG Miao1; 2; CHEN Wei1; 2; XU Li-ping3; LIU Xin-hong1; 2; GUO De-jie1; 2; MA Yan1; 2; YAN Shao-hua1; 2; LUO Jia1; 2
(1.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;2.Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain，Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China;3.Station of Farmland Quality Protection of Luhe District, Nanjing City, Nanjing 211500, China)
关键词:
基质栽培; 土壤栽培; 奶白菜; 微生物区系; 环境因子
Keywords:
substrate cultivation; soil cultivation; milk Chinese cabbage; microflora; environmental factors
分类号:
S634.301
DOI:
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4440.2020.05.025
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
基质栽培方式有别于传统的土壤栽培方式，是未来农业发展的主要趋势之一。用有机栽培基质和普通菜园土进行奶白菜的盆栽试验，旨在揭示奶白菜在不同栽培介质下的生长状况及栽培介质中微生物区系的差异。结果表明，当总氮、总磷、总钾养分一致时，种植30 d后土壤栽培方式下的奶白菜株高、叶片SPAD值、地上部鲜质量均显著高于基质栽培方式（P<0.05），株高、地上部鲜质量分别比用基质栽培的奶白菜高14.55%、42.19%，但是不同处理间的植株地上部干质量无显著差异。高通量数据分析结果显示，种植30 d后，2种栽培介质中的微生物丰度指数均显著升高（P<0.05），并且种植30 d后基质中的微生物多样性指数显著提高（P<0.05）。在不同栽培方式下，种植奶白菜前后的土壤、基质中均主要有10个细菌门，但是部分门类的相对丰度有明显差异，种植奶白菜前后土壤中各门类的相对丰度几乎无变化，而种植奶白菜后，基质中拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）的相对丰度（19.43%）显著低于种植前基质中的相对丰度（42.87%），且疣微菌门（Verrucomicrobia）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）、芽单胞菌门（Gemmatimonadetes）的相对丰度较种植前基质中的相对丰度有所升高。相对丰度排名前20的细菌属也由于2种栽培介质本身性质的差异而有不同的变化趋势，并且与环境指标的相关性也存在一定差异，其中在基质栽培方式下，分别有14个、14个、13个属与pH值、电导率（EC）、碳氮比（C/N）存在显著、极显著正相关或负相关关系（P<0.05或P<0.01），而在土壤栽培方式下，分别只有7个、3个、2个属与pH值、EC、C/N存在显著、极显著正相关或负相关关系（P<0.05或P<0.01），可见基质栽培方式下的微生物区系受环境影响较大。综上可知，土壤栽培体系的微生物区系稳定性高于基质栽培体系，外在环境条件的改变不易造成微生物区系的变化；基质栽培体系的微生物区系稳定性比土壤栽培体系低，更宜采用人工调控使其向有利于植物生长的方向改变。
Abstract:
Substrate cultivation mode is a main trend of future agricultural developments which is different from traditional soil cultivation modes. This research aims to reveal the difference of the growth of milk Chinese cabbage and the difference of microflora under different cultivation media, using organic cultivation substrate and soil from common vegetable gardens to carry out pot experiments of milk Chinese cabbages. The results show that, under the circumstance of equal total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium nutrients, the plant height, SPAD value of leaves, above-ground fresh weight of milk Chinese cabbage under soil cultivation mode were all significantly higher than that under substrate cultivation mode（P<0.05）, the plant height, above-ground fresh weight was respectively 14.55%, 42.19% higher than that using substrate cultivation 30 d after planting, but the above-ground dry weight of plants between two treatments showed no significant difference. The results of high-throughput data analysis showed that the microbial abundance indices of two cultivation media increased significantly （P<0.05） 30 d after planting, and the microbial diversity indices in the substrate increased significantly （P<0.05） after planting. There were mainly ten phyla in soil and substrate before and after planting milk Chinese cabbage under different cultivation modes, but there were obvious differences of relative abundance at the phylum level, while the relative abundance in soil showed nearly no change before and after planting milk Chinese cabbage. Relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in the substrate (19.43%) after planting milk Chinese cabbage was significantly lower than that before planting (42.87%), and the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes in the substrate after planting also rised compared with that before planting. The top 20 microbial genera ranked by relative abundance also showed different changes due to different properties of the two cultivation media, and there were also some differences in their correlation with the environmental indices. Under the mode of substrate cultivation, there were 14, 14, 13 genera showed significant, extreme significant positive or negative correlation（P<0.05 or P<0.01） with pH value, electrical conductivity (EC), ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N), respectively. While under the mode of soil cultivation, only seven, three, two genera showed significant, extreme significant positive or negative correlation (P<0.05 or P<0.01) with pH value, EC, C/N, respectively. It can be seen that microflora was greatly affected by the environment under substrate cultivation mode. In conclusion, the microflora stability of the soil cultivation system is higher than that of the substrate cultivation system, changes in external environmental conditions are not likely to cause changes in the microflora. The stability of the microflora in the substrate cultivation system is lower than that in the soil cultivation system, and it is preferable to use artificial control to make it improve toward the direction beneficial to plant growth.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期：2020-04-03基金项目：江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目[CX（19）2026]作者简介：张苗（1988-），女，江苏扬州人，硕士，助理研究员，主要从事农林剩余物基质化利用研究。(E-mail)zhangmiaojd@126.com通讯作者：罗佳，(Tel)025-84390205；(E-mail)luojia@jaas.ac.cn
更新日期/Last Update: 2020-11-16